A 20-year scoping review of the literature on single-sex education in the 21st century provides a comprehensive overview of the research conducted on this topic. The review examines various aspects, including the academic outcomes, social development, and psychological well-being of students attending single-sex schools compared to those in coeducational settings. Key findings often focus on the potential benefits of tailored teaching methods and reduced gender stereotypes in single-sex environments, while also addressing concerns about social isolation and limited exposure to diverse perspectives.