4d Electrons in Palladium's Fourth Shell: Explained

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Palladium (Pd) has an electronic configuration that deviates slightly from the Aufbau principle. Instead of filling the 4d orbitals after the 5s, one electron from the 5s orbital promotes to the 4d orbital, resulting in a filled or nearly filled d-subshell. Therefore, the fourth shell of Palladium contains ten 4d electrons. This configuration contributes to Palladium's unique chemical properties and its role as a catalyst in various chemical reactions.

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